Nucleic Acid Labeling and Detection
Nucleic Acid Labeling and Detection
Nucleic acid labeling and detection products are used to add tags or labels to nucleic acids to enable detection or purification. The tagged nucleic acids are referred to as 'probes.'
Nucleotide labeling may include radioactive phosphates, biotin, fluorophores, and various enzymes. Bioconjugation methods that produce nucleic acid probes can also be adapted to attach them to other molecules (for targeted delivery) and surfaces (to facilitate immobilization).
Although nucleic acid probes can be labeled during synthesis, custom oligonucleotide probes can be expensive so many researchers choose to label their own.
Quick and efficient benchtop oligonucleotide labeling can be performed for making smaller probe amounts or when multiple probes with the same label are needed. Enzymatic methods are affordable for small-scale probe generation; chemical methods are more suited to larger scale reactions.
Probes can be labeled at either end of the oligonucleotide or randomly incorporated throughout the sequence. The choice of method depends on the degree of labeling required and whether changes will prevent theexpected interactions. Nucleic acid hybridization reactions can benefit from random label incorporation; protein interactions may require end-labelling.
Summary of Methods
Enzymatic
- TdT: ssDNA
- T4 RNA Ligase: ssDNA, RNA
- T4 PNK: ssDNA, RNA
- DNA Polymerase: DNA, RNA
- RNA Polymerase: RNA
Chemical
- Periodate: RNA
- EDC: DNA, RNA
- Nonspecific crosslinkers: DNA, RNA
Detection methods are biotin-based, chemiluminescent, fluorescent, radioactive, or the combination of several techniques. Tests may include nucleic acid tests for pathogen detection and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for specific DNA sequences in chromosomes.
Cytiva Amersham™ ECL™ Direct Nucleic Acid Labeling/Detection System
Use for fast and easy detection of medium-to-high-target amounts. Cytiva Life Sciences™ Amersham™ ECL™ Direct Nucleic Acid Labeling/Detection System are based on the direct labeling of DNA or RNA probes with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in a simple 20 min chemical reaction
Cytiva Amersham™ Streptavidin-Biotinylated HRP Complex
Streptavidin conjugated to reporter enzyme molecules for use in blotting and in situ hybridization applications
Cytiva Amersham™ Megaprime™ DNA Labeling System
For labeling DNA probes to specific activities >1 × 109dpm/μg in 10 minutes
Cytiva Amersham™ ECL™ Blocking Agent
Use for blocking nitrocellulose and PVDF membranes. Cytiva Life Sciences™ Amersham™ ECL™ Blocking Agent blocks membranes to be used with ECL and ECL Plus™ Western blotting detection reagents.
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Cytiva Amersham™ ECF™ Substrate for Western Blotting
Used for detection of protein blots with fluorescence scanning equipment. Cytiva Life Sciences™ Amersham™ ECF™ Substrate for Western Blotting uses a fluorescent substrate for alkaline phosphatase-based detection of protein blots.
Cytiva AlkPhos Direct™ Hybridization Buffer for Direct Labeling System
Fast and convenient system for all high-sensitivity applications using DNA, RNA, or oligonucleotide probes
Cytiva Amersham™ AlkPhos Direct™ Labeling Modules
Fast and convenient systems for all high-sensitivity applications using DNA, RNA or oligonucleotide probes. AlkPhos Direct Labeling Systems are based on the rapid, direct labeling of DNA or RNA probes with thermostable alkaline phosphatase.
Cytiva Amersham™ Rediprime II DNA Labeling System
Long shelf-life and simple, fast protocol. Amersham™ Rediprime II DNA Labeling System consists of premixed, individually dispensed, random-prime reactions, freeze-dried for ambient stability.
Cytiva Amersham™ Streptavidin-HRP Conjugate
Streptavidin conjugated to reporter enzyme molecules for use in blotting and in situ hybridization applications
Invitrogen™ PrimeFlow™ Fixation/Permeabilization Buffer Set
Component of the PrimeFlow™ RNA Assay kit (cat. 88-18001 and 88-18009). These buffers can be used to evaluate intracellular staining antibody performance following the fixation and permeabilization steps of the assay.
Invitrogen™ SuperScript™ One-Cycle cDNA Kit for use with Thermo Scientific™ One-Cycle Assays
Conveniently contains all of the reagents required for double-stranded cDNA synthesis within the GeneChip™ workflow
Molecular Probes™ Alexa Fluor™ 488 Oligonucleotide Amine Labeling Kit
Alexa Fluor™ 488 Oligonucleotide Amine Labeling Kit
Molecular Probes™ ARES™ Alexa Fluor™ 647 DNA Labeling Kit
ARES™ Alexa Fluor™ 647 DNA Labeling Kit
Invitrogen™ BioPrime™ Total FFPE Genomic Labeling System
Complete genomic DNA labeling kit designed for use in array comparative genomic hybridization applications (aCGH) using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples
Molecular Probes™ ARES™ Alexa Fluor™ 488 DNA Labeling Kit
ARES™ Alexa Fluor™ 488 DNA Labeling Kit
Thermo Scientific™ Pierce™ RNA 3' End Biotinylation Kit
Biotinylate 3-prime terminal ends of RNA probes for non-radioactive EMSA and other nucleic acid detection methods.
MilliporeSigma™ Calbiochem™ Dextran Sulfate, Sodium Salt, Molecular Biology Grade
Used as anticoagulant.
Invitrogen™ BioPrime™ Total Genomic Labeling Module
Supports a complete genomic DNA labeling system for use in array comparative genomic hybridization applications (aCGH) that allow for better call rates with precious samples
Molecular Probes™ Nick Translation System
Nick Translation System
Molecular Probes™ BioNick™ DNA Labeling System
BioNick™ DNA Labeling System
Molecular Probes™ FISH Tag™ DNA Multicolor Kit, Alexa Fluor™ dye combination
FISH Tag™ DNA Multicolor Kit, Alexa Fluor™ dye combination
Invitrogen™ FluoReporter™ Blue Fluorometric dsDNA Quantitation Kit, 200-2,000 assays
Provide rotocols and reagents for analyzing cellular NA with blue-fluorescent Hoechst 33258 nucleic acid stain
Molecular Probes™ FISH Tag™ RNA Green Kit, with Alexa Fluor™ 488 dye
FISH Tag™ RNA Green Kit, with Alexa Fluor™ 488 dye
Molecular Probes™ FISH Tag™ DNA Green Kit, with Alexa Fluor™ 488 dye
FISH Tag™ DNA Green Kit, with Alexa Fluor™ 488 dye
Molecular Probes™ FISH Tag™ DNA Red Kit, with Alexa Fluor™ 594 dye
FISH Tag™ DNA Red Kit, with Alexa Fluor™ 594 dye
Molecular Probes™ FISH Tag™ RNA Red Kit, with Alexa Fluor™ 594 dye
FISH Tag™ RNA Red Kit, with Alexa Fluor™ 594 dye
Molecular Probes™ FISH Tag™ DNA Orange Kit, with Alexa Fluor™ 555 dye
FISH Tag™ DNA Orange Kit, with Alexa Fluor™ 555 dye
Molecular Probes™ FISH Tag™ RNA Multicolor Kit, Alexa Fluor™ dye combination
FISH Tag™ RNA Multicolor Kit, Alexa Fluor™ dye combination
Invitrogen™ Quant-iT™ PicoGreen™ dsDNA Assay Kits and dsDNA Reagents
Selectively detect dsDNA from a wide variety of sources, and even in presence of ssDNA, RNA, and free nucleotides, with the Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA Assay Kit and PicoGreen dsDNA Reagent.