Invitrogen™ Di-4-ANEPPS 

Description

Increases and decreases in membrane potential-referred to as membrane hyperpolarization and depolarization, respectively-play a central role in many physiological processes, including nerve-impulse propagation, muscle contraction, cell signaling and ion-channel gating. Potentiometric probes are important tools for studying these processes.

• These are fast-response probes that operate by means of change in their electronic structure, and consequently their fluorescence properties, in response to change in surrounding electric field
• Their optical response is sufficiently fast to detect transient (millisecond) potential changes in excitable cells, including single neurons, cardiac cells and intact brains
• However, magnitude of their potential-dependent fluorescence change is often small; fast-response probes typically show a 2-10% fluorescence change per 100mV
• Furthermore, these dyes display potential-dependent shift in their excitation spectra, thus permitting quantitation of membrane potential using excitation ratio measurements
• Zwitterionic molecule, exhibits most consistent potentiometric response in different cell and tissue types
• Ex/Em maxima bound to model phospholipid membranes are approximately 465/635nm (but spectral properties are highly dependent on environment)
• Nonfluorescent until bound to membranes
• Soluble in ethanol, DMSO, and DMF
• Dye is introduced into cells by direct addition of stock solution to cell culture medium or by using by retrograde labeling
• Fast-response probe, suitable for detecting submillisecond membrane potential changes
• Plasma membrane of cell typically has a transmembrane potential of approximately -70mV (negative inside) as a consequence of K+, Na+, and Cl- concentration gradients that are maintained by active transport processes
• Potentiometric probes offer an indirect method of detecting the translocation of these ions

Cell Analysis, Cell Metabolism, Cell Structure, Cell Viability, Proliferation and Function, Membranes (General) and Lipids

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