Invitrogen™ Di-2-ANEPEQ (JPW 1114)

• Fast-response probes that operate by means of change in their electronic structure, and consequently their fluorescence properties, in response to change in surrounding electric field
• Optical response is sufficiently fast to detect transient (millisecond) potential changes in excitable cells, including single neurons, cardiac cells, and intact brains
• Magnitude of their potential-dependent fluorescence change is often small; fast-response probes typically show 2-10% fluorescence change per 100 mV
• Display potential-dependent shift in their excitation spectra, thus permitting quantitation of membrane potential using excitation ratio measurements
• Cationic molecule; exhibits very low internalization and good signal:noise ratio and is useful for neural network analysis
• Ex/Em maxima bound to model phospholipid membranes are approximately 465/635nm (but spectral properties are highly dependent on environment)
• Nonfluorescent until bound to membranes
• Cationic molecule, soluble in water
• Detects submillisecond membrane potential changes
• Dye is introduced into cells by direct addition of stock solution to cell culture medium, by using by retrograde labeling
• Plasma membrane of cell has transmembrane potential of approximately -70mV (negative inside) as a consequence of K+, Na+, and Cl- concentration gradients that are maintained by active transport processes
• Potentiometric probes offer indirect method of detecting the translocation of these ions
• Increases and decreases in membrane potential-referred to as membrane hyperpolarization and depolarization, respectively-play central role in many physiological processes, including nerve-impulse propagation, muscle contraction, cell signaling and ion-channel gating

Cell Analysis, Cell Metabolism, Cell Structure, Cell Viability, Proliferation and Function, Membranes (General) and Lipids