Acetone

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    What Is Acetone?

    Acetone is a colorless, volatile, and flammable organic solvent with a distinct sweet odor. It occurs naturally in plants and the environment, dissolves completely in water, and does not bind to soil or accumulate in aquatic organisms.

    In humans, acetone is produced and disposed of via normal metabolic processes. Produced during animal fat metabolism, it’s found in trace amounts in human urine and blood. Acetone can be detected in vehicle exhaust and smoke from volcanoes, fires, tobacco, wood, and other materials.

    Exposure to moderate or high acetone concentrations can cause eye, nose, throat, and lung irritation. Exposure to high or very high concentrations can cause dizziness, nausea, uncoordinated movements, slurred speech, and coma.

    After extensive testing, acetone is not classified as genotoxic, carcinogenic, or neurotoxic. In 1995, it was listed as volatile organic compound (VOC) exempt by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

    Synonyms: Dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, beta-ketopropane, propan-2-one, dimethyl formaldehyde, methyl ketone, pyroacetic ether, dimethylketal, ketone propane

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    Physical and Chemical Properties

    PropertyValue  

    Property

    Molecular Weight
    Value
    58.08 g/mol
     
     
     
     

    Property

    Density
    Value
    0.7845 g/mL at 25ºC
     
     
     
     

    Property

    Boiling Point
    Value
    56.05ºC
     
     
     
     

    Property

    Melting Point
    Value
    -94.7ºC
     
     
     
     

    Property

    Flash Point
    Value
    17ºC
     
     
     
     

    Property

    Viscosity
    Value
    0.295 cP at 25ºC
     
     
     
     

    Property

    Dielectric Constant
    Value
    20.7 at 25ºC
     
     
     
     

    Property

    Dipole Moment
    Value
    2.91 D
     
     
     
     

    Property

    UV Cutoff
    Value
    330 nm
     
     
     
     

    Property

    Refractive Index
    Value
    1.359 at 20ºC
     
     
     
     

    Property

    Vapor Pressure
    Value
    110 mm Hg (20ºC)
     
     
     
     

    Property

    Water Solubility
    Value
    Miscible
     
     
     
     

    Property

    Dissociation Constants
    Value
    -7 pKa (conjugate acid)
     
     
     
     

    Property

    Surface Tension
    Value
    23.7 dyn/cm at 20ºC
     
     
     
     

    Uses

    Acetone is used to make plastics, fibers, pharmaceuticals, paint solvents, nail polish removers, and cosmetics. It’s also used as a solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, rubber, plastics, lacquers, varnishes, and rubber cements.

    Designations and Grades

    PropertyValue  

    Property

    CAS Number
    Value
    67-64-1
     
     
     
     

    Property

    MDL Number
    Value
    MFCD00008765
     
     
     
     

    Property

    RIDAD/UN Number
    Value
    UN 1090 3/PG 2
     
     
     
     

    Property

    Beilstein Registry
    Value
    635680
     
     
     
     

    Property

    EG/EC Number
    Value
    2006622
     
     
     
     

    Property

    NSC Number
    Value
    135802
     
     
     
     

    Property

    ICSC Number
    Value
    0087
     
     
     
     

    Property

    RTECS Number
    Value
    AL3150000
     
     
     
     

    Grades

    ACS, ACS Reagent, Certified ACS

    Anhydrous/Dry/Extra Dry

    Biochemical

    Electronic/Semiconductor

    FCC

    GC, Capillary GC

    GC Gradient

    GC/Pesticide Residue

    Histological

    HPLC Gradient

    HPLC/UHPLC

    Laboratory/Technical

    LC-MS, Ultra LC-MS

    NF/USP/JP/EP/BP

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